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[56] At least 85 such dictators were chosen over the course of the Roman Republic, the last of which was chosen to wage the Second Punic War. [57] The rule of a dictator was not necessarily considered tyrannical in Ancient Rome, though it has been described in some accounts as a "temporary tyranny" or an "elective tyranny". Totalitarianism is a form of autocracy in which the state has total control over its citizens. The head of state in most parliamentary democracies formally appoint the head of government. Current dictatorships include Russia, Equatorial New Guinea, and North Korea. [148], Terrorism is less common in dictatorships. They may be military officers, party members, or friends and family of the dictator. Epidemic of First World War After the first world war, countries got disturbed to conduct democratic governments and managements. Leaders of these dictatorships often place those loyal to them in positions of power (qualified or not), and foster cults of personality to sway public opinion to their side. [141] Should a dictatorship fail, elections also permit dictators and elites to accept defeat without fearing violent recourse. After the recent death of Idriss Deby in April 2021, his son Mahamat Deby took over. 10 Worst Dictators In Power Today - WhatCulture.com (Dictator of Italy and Principal Founder of Fascism Who Was Prime Minister of Italy from 1922 to 1943.) Bangladesh Barbados Belarus Belgium Belize Benin Bhutan Bolivia Bosnia and Herzegovina Botswana Brazil Brunei Bulgaria Burkina Faso Burundi C Cabo Verde Cambodia Cameroon Canada Central African Republic Chad Chile China Colombia Comoros Congo, Democratic Republic of the Congo, Republic of the Costa Rica Cte d'Ivoire Croatia Cuba Cyprus 1. People who are for dictatorship say it provides for a more stable government, helps abolish corruption, and is more efficient in emergencies. Reading Time: 4 minutes. Organizations that maintain moral authority with the public, such as the Church, are often the most targeted by infiltration. Dictatorship - an overview | ScienceDirect Topics Nations with a legacy of military dictatorship (s) In Africa Algeria (1965-1994) Burkina Faso (1966-1991) Burundi (1966-1993) Central African Republic (1966-1993) Chad (1975-1991) Congo-Brazzaville (1968-1992) Equatorial Guinea (1968-1982) Ethiopia (1974-1991) Gambia, The (1994-1997) Guinea (1984-1991) Ghana (1966-1969; 1972-1979; 1981-1993) [93] Chiang Kai-shek continued to rule as dictator of the National government's rump state in Taiwan until his death in 1975. Obiang's regime is known for state-sanctioned kidnappings, torture of prisoners, and unlawful killings. This type of vote is termed a constructive vote of no confidence. The authors acknowledged that the last rule is more complicated to implement, but stated that it helps researchers to control potential errors and removes subjective judgement from the classification. 10 Absolute Worst African Dictators - Afrikanza A dictator has the ability to make decisions that will have an impact on the people in many ways, and the worse part is, the people do not consent to being ruled. Synonyms for DICTATORSHIP: tyranny, autocracy, fascism, authoritarianism, totalitarianism, despotism, absolutism, autarchy; Antonyms of DICTATORSHIP: democracy . The type of dictatorship a country is ruled by typically comes down to the methods the dictator used to obtain power and how they go about maintaining it. [91], The Chinese Civil War ended in 1949, splitting the Republic of China under Chiang Kai-shek and the People's Republic of China under Mao Zedong. They are more likely to end in violence and less likely to democratize than other forms of dictatorship. [78], At the same time, nationalist movements grew throughout Europe. [8]:457 Elected heads of state are usually referred to as "president." [54][55] The concept of "dictator" was first developed during the Roman Republic. Other countries with dictatorships and authoritarian rule, such as Cuba, Syria, Kazakhstan, Uzbekistan, Turkmenistan and Belarus, could also be considered totalitarian governments. Other factors associated with military coups include extensive natural resources, limited use of the military internationally, and use of the military as an oppressive force domestically. North Korea - One man Dictatorship 2. Many others developed following a period of warlordism. [88] European fascism was imported to Latin America as well, and the Vargas Era of Brazil was heavily influenced by the corporatism practiced in fascist Italy. [13] After power is seized, the group must determine what positions its members will hold in the new government and how this government will operate, sometimes resulting in disagreements that split the group. [127], Indoctrination is the inculcation of citizens on specific values and ideas beneficial to the dictatorships needs and desires. 10 African countries That are currently ruled by dictators. [1]:71. These dictators may view themselves as impartial in their oversight of a country due to their nonpartisan status, and they may view themselves as "guardians of the state". The totalitarian dictatorship in the People's Republic of China , from 1949 to the present. As the Cold War went on, the Soviet Union increased its influence in Africa, and MarxistLeninist dictatorships developed in several African countries. The group may be military or political, it may be organized or disorganized, and it may disproportionately represent a certain demographic. Whether or not Putin is a dictator is a matter of some debate. [8]:454 The government composes the chief executive and the heads of the executive departments. However, a political rights score of 6 or 7 corresponds most closely with our definition of dictatorship, based on Freedom House's characterization: 6 Countries and territories with a rating of 6 have very restricted political rights. and "Which country has a dictatorship as its form of leadership?" [97], The Middle East was decolonized during the Cold War, and many nationalist movements gained strength post-independence. Exceptions to the pattern of poverty in dictatorships include oil-rich Middle Eastern dictatorships and the East Asian Tigers during their periods of dictatorship. Duterte is the perfect example of a . [8]:455 Sometimes sitting governments will attach a vote of no confidence clause to a piece of legislation they want passed, effectively tying the survival of the government on the piece of legislation. Hybrid dictatorships are regimes that have a combination of these classifications. Afghanistan, officially the Islamic Republic of Afghanistan, is a landlocked country located within South Asia and Central Asia. Dictators are incentivized to avoid the use of violence once a reputation of violence is established, as it damages the dictatorship's other institutions and poses a threat to the dictator's rule should government forces become disloyal. Personalist regimes diverge from other regimes when it comes to their longevity, methods of breakdown, levels of corruption, and proneness to conflicts. What countries are currently ruled by dictatorships? - Quora [2] The inner circle's support is necessary for a dictator's orders to be carried out, causing elites to serve as a check on the dictator's power. A dictatorship is an authoritarian structure of government. Nigeria - 1966 to 1975 - Yakubu Gowon. In some circumstances, monarchies are also considered dictatorships if the monarchs hold a significant amount of political power. One of its most notable examples was Holodomor, where Joseph Stalin blamed the shortages of grain on "enemies of the state" who hoarded it. This page was last edited on 26 February 2023, at 12:26. [56] Caesar subverted the tradition of temporary dictatorships when he was made dictator perpetuo, or a dictator for life, which led to the creation of the Roman Empire. 5. In Germany, the head of state is elected by regional legislatures and not popularly elected. [81] These reforms incorporated totalitarianism, fealty to the state, expansionism, corporatism, and anti-communism. Dictatorship | Definition, Characteristics, Countries, & Facts | Britannica The 10 most capitalist nations in the world Samantha Menzies 22 February 2016, 7:39 pm The 10 most capitalist nations in the world Capitalism is thriving in many parts of the world, with the list. [24], Military dictatorships often have traits in common due to the shared background of military dictators. The leader of a dictatorship is called a dictator.Politics in a dictatorship are controlled by the dictator and facilitated through an inner circle of elites that include advisers, generals, and other high-ranking officials. Indeed, the 20th century, which witnessed the careers of Atatrk, Benito Mussolini, Adolf Hitler, Joseph Stalin, Francisco Franco, Mao Tse-tung, Juan Pern, Tito, Gamal Abdel Nasser, Sukarno, Kwame Nkrumah, and Charles de Gaulle, could appear in history as the age of plebiscitary dictatorship. The chief executive can take many names including chancellor, prime minister, or premier and the heads of the executive departments can bear different names and be called different things. Venezuela has a presidential government. Rodrigo Duterte (Philippines) Rodrigo Roa Duterte is the legally, directly-elected President of the Philippines and leading member of the PDP-Laban party. (2010), Cheibub, Gandhi, and Vreeland developed a six-fold regime classification scheme, resulting what the authors called as the DD datasets. The table below offers a full list of which countries are what type of democracy. Examples might include King Cyrus the Great of Persia, who is thought to have created the first declaration of human rights, the Biblical King Solomon, Roman Emperor Marcus Aurelius, and Singapore's Prime Minister Lee Kwan Yue. The country is bordered in the northeast by Tunisia, in the east by Libya, in the west by Morocco, in the southwest by Western Sahara, Mauritania, and Mali, in the southeast by Niger, and in the north by the Mediterranean Sea. Hybrid dictatorships: What it's like to live under a Dictatorship. This means that the ruler or party has complete control. [116] Dictatorships in the Middle East are primarily guided by Islamic nationalism. This article focuses on the five communist countries that are still adherent to Marxism-Leninism. A List of Female Dictators - Daily Kos 15 worst dictators of 20th century and their horrific massacres The legislature must be popularly elected. In addition to executive authority, Putin also holds judicial and legislative power, which enables him to change the law to fit his agenda. For democracies, it categorizes them into three types: parliamentary, semi-presidential and presidential democracies. Just like a dictatorship, an autocracy is a government headed by a single ruler (the autocrat) whose decisions are not subject to legal restraints and who exercises unlimited and undisputed power. In personalist dictatorships, the elite corps are usually made up of close friends or family members of the dictator, who typically handpicks these individuals to serve their posts. Below are 10 African country that are still under dictatorship. The leader of a dictatorship is called a dictator. The term dictatorship originates from its use in the Roman Republic. The dictatorship was revived 120 years later by Sulla after his crushing of a populist movement, and 33 years after that by Julius Caesar. The number of countries ruled by military dictatorships began to fall sharply after the end of the Cold War in the early 1990s. But for today, these are the world's dictatorships. However, many people in long-running dictatorships such as North Korea and Cameroon have never experienced anything else, so living in a dictatorship is much less jarring and shocking to them. For dictatorships, monarchic, military and civilian dictatorship. The exclave province of Cabinda has borders with the Republic of the Congo and the Democratic Republic of the Congo. [89] Military coups were also a common occurrence after decolonisation, with 14 African countries experiencing at least three successful military coups between 1959 and 2001. Early African dictatorships were primarily personalist socialist dictatorships, in which a single socialist would take power instead of a ruling party. Laos (since 1975) [98] Several Middle Eastern countries were the subject of military coups in the 1950s and 1960s, including Iraq, Syria, North Yemen, and South Yemen. [20][21] They are most common in developing nations in Africa, Asia, and Latin America. 8. [111][112][113] Latin America saw a period of liberalization similar to that of Europe at the end of the Cold War, with Cuba being the only Latin American country that did not experience any degree of liberalization between 1992 and 2010. [149] Military and one-party dictatorships are more likely to experience terrorism than personalist dictatorships, as these regimes are under more pressure to undergo institutional change in response to terrorism.[150]. During the first half of the 20th century, dictatorships took control of a number of technologically advanced countries. President Vladimir Putin is currently serving his fourth term as President of Russia. [8], Totalitarianism is a variation of dictatorship characterized by the presence of a single political party and more specifically, by a powerful leader who imposes personal and political prominence. Military Dictatorship: Definition and Examples - ThoughtCo [62][63][64] Maximilien Robespierre has been similarly described as a dictator while he controlled the National Convention in France and carried out the Reign of Terror in 1793 and 1794. His economic plans have been praised by leaders like Kemal Pasha. Through the ages, Algeria, officially People's Democratic Republic of Algeria, is a country in North Africa on the Mediterranean coast. Between the 1990s and the 2000s, most dictators moved away from being "larger-than-life figures" that controlled the populace through terror and isolated themselves from the global community. [46], The shift in the power relation between the dictator and their inner circle has severe consequences for the behavior of such regimes as a whole. Uganda - 1971 to 1979 - Idi Amin Dada. Equatorial Guinea. Modern dictatorships first developed in the 19th century, which included Bonapartism in Europe and caudillos in Latin America. Examples of Fascism. In the United Kingdom, for example, the chief executive is the prime minister, and the ministers are the heads of the executive departments, which together compose the government. Politics in a dictatorship are controlled by the dictator and facilitated through an inner circle of elites that include advisers, generals, and other high-ranking officials. [51] In the modern era, absolute monarchies are most common in the Middle East. In the former, for example, the President must appoint as Prime Minister the leader of the largest party in parliament, who has three days to gain the confidence of a majority thereof. Under this system, there are three types of dictatorships. Dictatorships frequently hold elections in order to establish their legitimacy or provide incentives to members of the ruling party, but these elections are not competitive for the opposition. Today, they are "elected," as true democracies helplessly look on . Its territory covers 652,000 km, making it the 41st largest country in the world. dictatorship country - Alex Becker Marketing Dictators are usually backed (especially financially) by groups of powerful people. This was replaced by a trend of developing a positive public image to maintain support among the populace and moderating rhetoric to integrate with the global community. [38] Due to the lack of accountability and the smaller group of elites, personalist dictatorships are more prone to corruption than other forms of dictatorship,[39] and they are more repressive than other forms of dictatorship. [47] Personalist dictatorships also experience growth differently, as they often lack the institutions or qualified leadership to sustain an economy. This is thanks to an oil boom that enriched his family at the expense of the Equatorial Guinea citizens. in Turkey, Kamal Pasha, established his dictatorship in 1921 and he remained in power till his death in 1938. Poverty has a destabilizing effect on government, causing democracy to fail and regimes to fall more often. [44] As a result of authoritarian politics, a series of major issues may ensue. [4] Though the most recent data set is only updated for 2008, there is planning by Cheibub to update it to the present year. Albania - Communist Regime 3. Another controversial dictator is General Augusto Pinochet (1915-2006) of Chile. Here are fifteen of the worst dictators from the 20 th century and what makes them stand out for censure. [103] Belarus under the rule of Alexander Lukashenko has been described as "the last European dictatorship",[109][110] though the rule of Vladimir Putin in Russia has also been described as a dictatorship. [72] The societal upheaval caused by World War I and the unstable peace it produced further contributed to instability that benefited extremist movements and rallied support for their causes. [23] Military coups do not necessarily result in military dictatorships, as power may then be passed to an individual or the military may allow democratic elections to take place. [145] Opposition parties in dictatorships may be restricted by preventing them from campaigning, banning more popular opposition parties, preventing opposition members from forming a party, or requiring that candidates be a member of the ruling party. Some of the principal drivers of indoctrination are mass education policies, propaganda, and censorship. This may sound like a contradiction of terms to many people. The 20th century also saw the rise of personalist dictatorships in Africa and military dictatorships in Latin America, both of which became prominent in the 1960s and 1970s. [31], Personalist dictatorships are regimes in which all power lies in the hands of a single individual. Who Are The Dictators of Latin America? - The Hague Peace Dictatorships can be formed by a military coup that overthrows the previous government through force or by a self-coup in which elected leaders make their rule permanent. 15 Countries with Dictatorships Today (Or on Their Way to Dictatorships The Five Kinds of Dictatorship 1. [138] A study found that dictatorships that engage in oil drilling are more likely to remain in power, with 70.63% of the dictators who engage in oil drilling still being in power after 5 years of dictatorship, while only 59.92% of the non-oil producing dictators survive the first 5 years. Imelda Marcos was the wife of Ferdinand Marcos, who ruled over the . A Roman dictator was a special magistrate that was temporarily appointed by the consul during times of crisis and granted total executive authority. [75] Lenin was followed by Joseph Stalin in 1924, who consolidated total power and implemented totalitarian rule by 1929. Democracy-Dictatorship (DD),[1] index of democracy and dictatorship[2] or simply the DD index[3] or the DD datasets was the binary measure of democracy and dictatorship first proposed by Adam Przeworski et al. [130] One-party dictatorships are generally more stable and last longer than military or personalist dictatorships. Political culture: 5.00. Democracy-Dictatorship Index - Wikipedia Current Dictators - List of World Dictators From 2015-2022 - Planet Rulers The DD dataset covers the annual data points of 199 countries from 1946 (or date of independence) to 2008. There are currently 22 dictators in Africa, some worse than others. List of Cons of Dictatorships. A dictatorship is a form of government which is characterized by a leader, or a group of leaders, which holds governmental powers with few to no limitations on them. Bettmann Archive / Getty Images. Among the 10 dictatorship countries profiled, poverty is endemic. Dictatorship - Definition, Examples, Cases, Processes - Legal Dictionary ( 1, 2, 3) 5 Paul Kagame, the 60-year-old President of Rwanda, has been in power since 1994 when his rebel army ended the genocide which had killed 800,000 people. [19], Military dictatorships are regimes in which military officers hold power, determine who will lead the country, and exercise influence over policy. Latin America's new generation of dictators - DW - 01/12/2022 Source by babeltravel. Various forms of dictatorship have been a context in which social and behavioral sciences (SBS) have been developing through most of the twentieth century. If the head of state is popularly elected for a fixed term then, the democracy is mixed or semi-presidential. The required majority needed to remove the sitting government varies between countries but is termed a vote of no confidence. This may be ensured through incentives, such as distribution of financial resources or promises of security, or it may be through repression, in which failing to support the regime is punished. The list of Dictatorship countries in Africa includes Nigeria and Zaire. This violence is frequently exercised through institutions such as military or police forces. In the 19th century, settlers slowly and hesitantly began to establish themselves in. Perhaps someday some of these modern dictatorships will cast off their dictators and embrace a more democratic and inclusive form of government. Dictators often employ illegal and/or immoral methods to maintain their power and control, including the use of secret police, indefinite arrests, and concentration camps. Giving ultimate power and control to just one person is not ideal, as it can lead to future unrest and problems. 14 most cruel dictators who almost destroyed Humankind - World-Wire If it is, then a further distinction is made between democracies where the head of state is popularly elected and those where the head of state is not popularly elected. These movements were a response to what they perceived as decadence and societal decay due to the changing social norms and race relations brought about by liberalism. This is understandable, as the terms are very similar. Negative effects include the unraveling of social organizations and democratic institutions and the prohibition of other political parties. 1 Norway 2 Iceland 3 Sweden 4 New Zealand 5 Denmark =6 Canada =6 Ireland 8 Australia =9 Switzerland =9 Finland Which countries have dictatorship government? - Sage-Answers The leaders of dictatorships are not outwardly identified as dictators when other people are addressing them. An autocracy, monarchy, and dictatorship. Semi-competitive elections also have the effect of incentivizing members of the ruling party to provide better treatment of citizens so they will be chosen as party nominees due to their popularity. [4] A unified inner circle has the capacity to overthrow a dictator, and the dictator must make greater concessions to the inner circle to stay in power. [41], Personalist dictatorships fit the exact classic stereotype of authoritarian rule. The methodology is derived from the Universal Declaration of Human Rights, regardless of geopolitical, geographic, ethnic or religious considerations. A personalist dictator will manage these appointees by segmenting the government so that they cannot collaborate. Between 1950 and 2016, one-party dictatorships made up 57% of authoritarian regimes in the world,[26] and one-party dictatorships have continued to expand more quickly than other forms of dictatorship in the latter half of the 20th century. Power is obtained and passed on through family connections. [142] Dictatorships may influence the results of an election through electoral fraud, intimidation or bribing of candidates and voters, use of state resources such as media control, manipulation of electoral laws, restricting who may run as a candidate, or disenfranchising demographics that may oppose the dictatorship. [131] A military coup is often carried out when a regime is threatening the country's stability or during periods of societal unrest. Abstract. [9] Political philosopher Hannah Arendt describes totalitarianism as a new and extreme form of dictatorship composed of "atomized, isolated individuals" in which ideology plays a leading role in defining how the entire society should be organized. However, since they might also give up power willingly, the regime is marked with a type II value to signal potential classification errors where a democratic regime may be falsely classified as dictatorship. The Freedom in the World report evaluates the state of freedom in 195 countries and 14 territories, assigning a score between 0 and 4 in a series of 25 indicators to give a final score of 100. Dictatorship Countries 2023 - worldpopulationreview.com The Portuguese were present in some mostly coastal points of the territory of what is now Angola from the 16th century, interacting in diverse ways with the peoples who lived there. Top 10 Dictatorship Countries - The Borgen Project These movements supported pan-Arab Nasserism during most of the Cold War, but they were largely replaced by Islamic nationalism by the 1980s. Parties that take power through violence are often able to implement larger changes in a shorter period of time. This page was last edited on 4 March 2023, at 02:19. [1]:70. The first distinction made is whether a country has a government has legislative responsibility, i.e. One of the reasons for this is the fact that the military often has more cohesion and institutional structure than most of the civilian institutions of society. [1][3] Resorting to democratic concepts by Karl Popper and Joseph Schumpeter, Przeworski defended the minimalist approach, citing Popper that "the only system in which citizens can get rid of governments without bloodshed. There are many countries that can be considered dictatorships, including North Korea, Cuba, and Venezuela. List of monarchs of fictional countries - Wikipedia Some countries, such as Sweden, instead charge another person entirely with choosing the head of government, such as the presiding officer of the legislative assembly. Latin America experienced a dramatic political change in the last quarter of the twentieth century. [1]:70. He took control of the nation in 1973 after leading a coup that deposed elected leftist leader Salvador Allende. [85] After being defeated in World War II, the far-right dictatorships of Europe collapsed, with the exceptions of Spain and Portugal. [7] The opposition can be an external group, or it can also include current and former members of the dictator's inner circle. Charles Taylor Country: Liberia Charles McArthur Ghanakay Taylor's life story is akin to that of a movie. Personalist dictatorships are more common in Sub-Saharan Africa due to less established institutions in the region. Skyline of Downtown Dubai with Burj Khalifa from a Helicopter. (Image Wikipedia) Electoral process and pluralism: 0.00. Between 1967 and 1991, 12 Latin American countries underwent at least one military coup, with Haiti and Honduras experiencing three and Bolivia experiencing eight. That said, there are two important differences between dictatorships and autocracies.