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A member of the Republican Party, he served as the 10th White House Chief of Staff and 67th United States Secretary of the Treasury under President Ronald Reagan and the 61st U.S. Secretary of State before returning as the 16th White House Chief of Staff under President George H. W. Bush. Baker also served on Reagan's National Security Council, and remained Treasury Secretary until 1988, during which time he also served as campaign chairman for George H. W. Bush's successful presidential bid. He resigned as Treasury Secretary to manage Bush's successful 1988 campaign for president. December 12, 2006. Baker remained active in business and public affairs after Bush's defeat in the 1992 presidential election. Reagan rebuked Phillips and Wright for having waged a "campaign of sabotage" against Baker.[16]. Corrections? Neither Koch nor Safire named a source, but the former mayor later acknowledged in a book that Kemp was the one who tipped him off., Peter Baker and Susan Glasser interviewed both Kemp and James Baker about the episode. Join Facebook to connect with James Baker III and others you may know. After Israeli Deputy Foreign Minister Benjamin Netanyahu accused the United States of "building its policy on a foundation of distortion and lies," Baker banned Netanyahu from entering the State Department building, and refused to meet with him personally for the remainder of his tenure as secretary. Baker has formal involvement with the country of Azerbaijan as he serves on the Honorary Council of Advisers for the U.S.-Azerbaijan Chamber of Commerce. As Secretary of State, he helped oversee U.S. foreign policy during the end of the Cold War and dissolution of the Soviet Union, as well as during the Gulf War. They have one child. He serves on the World Justice Project and the Climate Leadership Council. Addressing a broad range of policy issues that affect scientists and their research. Mr. Baker was present in a leading position when, in 1990, the negotiations with the Soviets on the reunification of my homeland primarily concerned the question of the future of the transatlantic alliance. In 1981, Baker was named White House Chief of Staff by President Ronald Reagan, in spite of the fact that Baker managed the presidential campaigns of Gerald Ford in 1976 and of George Bush in 1980 opposing Reagan. Please refer to the appropriate style manual or other sources if you have any questions. Bushs successful campaign for the presidential election of 1988 and thereupon was appointed secretary of state. Originally Baker had been a Democrat, although he had been too busy trying to succeed in a competitive law firm to worry about politics and he considered himself apolitical. Eventually, he softened it a bit, allowing Netanyahu to enter the building but barring him from visiting the top floors where high-ranking officials had their offices, limiting his access to low-level staffers only. The son of a prosperous Houston attorney, Baker graduated from On James Baker's . All serious issues that Palestine sought to discuss, such as elections and representation in the Israeli government, were delegated to Egypt for decisions to be made. U.S. Secretary of State James Baker III, right, and Israeli Prime Minister Yitzhak Shamir conferring following meetings at the Prime Minister's office in Jerusalem, September 17, 1991. Baker married his first wife Mary Stuart McHenry in 1953. Going it alone is not an option.. . Articles from Britannica Encyclopedias for elementary and high school students. He earned a Bachelor of Laws (1957) from the University of Texas School of Law and began to practice law in Texas. He was previously married to Mary Stuart McHenry. As Treasury Secretary, he arranged the Plaza Accord and the Baker Plan. On March 15, 2006, Congress announced the formation of the Iraq Study Group, a high-level panel of prominent former officials charged by members of Congress with taking a fresh look at America's policy on Iraq. He settled in Huntsville, where he practiced law,. [13] He served in that capacity until 1985. [46] During a 2016 memorial service for Nancy Reagan, he commented to former Canadian Prime Minister Brian Mulroney that he believed there were parallels between the rise of Trump and the rise of Reagan. Clearly, constant adult supervision is the only solution to the dangers of having children around water, whether it's open water, pools or hot tubs. Get a Britannica Premium subscription and gain access to exclusive content. On June 15, 2002, Virginia Graeme Baker, the seven-year-old granddaughter of Baker, daughter of Nancy and James Baker IV, was the victim of lethal suction entrapment in an in-ground spa. She died of breast cancer in February 1970. In 1975, he was appointed Under Secretary of Commerce for Gerald Ford. Thats a testament not only to the great effort Baker invested in the Middle East peace process, but also to the central role Israel has played, and continues to play, in domestic U.S. politics: For every story in the book about shuttle diplomacy between Jerusalem and Arab capitals, theres a matching story about political fights surrounding Israel on Capitol Hill and inside the White House. Texas Hometown: Baker was born in Houston on April 28, 1930. . He became a close friend of George H. W. Bush and worked for Bush's unsuccessful 1970 campaign for the United States Senate. He has been married to Susan Garrett Winston since 1973. On June 15, 2002, Virginia Graeme Baker, the 7-year-old granddaughter of Baker, daughter of Nancy and James Baker IV, was the victim of suction-pump entrapment in an in-ground spa. They married in 1953. The former secretary of state, they write, insisted the story was distorted at best. Indeed, Baker's family was so well off that his doting. Offering nonpartisan analysis of elections to better understand the changing dynamics of presidential campaigns. Bakers memoir Work Hard, Study . [19], When Ukraine became independent, Baker sought to ensure that Ukraine would give up its nuclear weapons. Together they had four sons, including James Addison Baker IV, a partner at Baker Botts. Baker helped to construct the 34-nation alliance that fought alongside the United States in the Gulf War. [11] He served until May 1976, and was succeeded by Edward O. Pursuing research and open debate to develop pragmatic drug policies based on common sense and driven by human rights interests. Baker also served as Secretary of the Treasury from 19851988 in the second Reagan administration, and Secretary of State in the George H. W. Bush administration. The following year, he was selected as Gulf Coast Regional Chairman for the Richard Nixon presidential campaign. Connect to the World Family Tree to find out, James Addison BAKER, Ethel "Bonner" BAKER (born MEANS), Apr 28 1930 - Houston, Harris, Texas 77251, USA, James Addison Baker, Ethel Bonner Baker (born Means), Baker, Baker, Baker, Baker, 1940 - 1216 Bissonet, Houston, J P 1, Harris, Texas, USA, James Addison Baker, Bonner Baker (born Means), Mary Stuart McHenry, Susan Garrett Winston, James Addison Baker Jr., Ethel Bonner Jr. (born Means), 1216 Bissonnet, Houston, Harris, Texas, United States. During his tenure at the State Department, Baker traveled to 90 foreign countries as the United States confronted the . Geni requires JavaScript! Bush, as well as Reagan's treasury secretary and Bush's secretary of state, told his biographers Susan Glasser and Peter Baker (no relation) during a virtual event Friday that he supports . Baker was awarded the Presidential Medal of Freedom in 1991. One thing that becomes clear while reading Baker and Glassers book is how much the Republican Partys stances on Israel and the Middle East have changed since the days of James Baker. Former secretary of state James Baker considered voting for Joe Biden in November but will instead keep backing Donald Trump, a new biography reveals, in the process outlining a key reason for. Fax: 713-348-5993. Reagan rejected the Phillips-Wright request. 6100 Main Street While serving as Treasury Secretary, Baker organized the Plaza Accord of September 1985 and the Baker Plan to target international debt. Mary Stuart Baker (Mary Stuart was her full first name) died of breast cancer in February 1970. . Baker was a shrewd and highly effective political manager whose skills were a major factor in the Republicans retention of the presidency throughout the 1980s. When we were talking with him about this, he thought the two-state solution was still the right goal, and that there had to be compromise on both sides to reach a workable and enduring resolution of the issue.. 492, 505. President Biden's Afghanistan withdrawal strategy received an unexpected endorsement Friday, Politico reports. [27] Baker proved willing to confront Israeli officials on statements they made contrary to American interests. "Bob Dole was a true American patriot who represented the very best of our country. Focusing on U.S. space policy and the future of space travel. Baker and his boss, the 41st president, were two of the most influential figures in GOP politics from the 1970s onward. [55] To promote greater safety in pools and spas, Nancy Baker gave testimony to the Consumer Product Safety Commission,[56] and James Baker helped form an advocacy group,[57] which led to the Virginia Graeme Baker Pool And Spa Safety Act (15 USC 8001). Baker voted for Donald Trump in the 2016 election, and said prior to the 2020 election that he would do so again. His team included Dennis Ross and many others who were soon appointed to the new Bush Administration. Baker is presently a senior partner in the law firm of Baker Botts. However, Baker changed his mind about running for Congress when his wife was diagnosed with breast cancer; she died in February 1970. Son of James A. Baker, Jr. and Ethel Bonner Baker. Complete a form for event, media or other inquiries, and get directions and parking information for the Baker Institute. Secretary Baker himself is actually a pretty religious person, but hes not a favorite of the evangelical wing of the party, which has long viewed him with suspicion, Peter Baker added. Adventures and Lessons from an Unexpected Public Life Hardcover - October 5, 2006 by James Baker III (Author) 87 ratings Kindle $14.99 Read with Our Free App Hardcover $24.42 65 Used from $1.45 8 New from $19.90 2 Collectible from $29.96 Paperback Journalism power-couple Susan Glasser, a staff writer at the New Yorker, and Peter Baker, the New York Times' chief White House correspondent, have cowritten The Man Who Ran Washington, a biography of former Secretary of State and White House chief of staff James A. Baker III, arguably the 20th century's savviest DC power player.. Baker played a role in nearly every major event near the . Many of Baker's concerns proved correct, and the project became a key factor in the company's downfall. He is also the honorary chair of the James A. Baker III Institute for Public Policy at Rice University in Houston, Texas. However, Murphy's Iraq and Afghanistan Reconstruction portfolios will shift to Douglas Baker, who will continue as Deputy Assistant Secretary for Service Industries, Tourism and Finance. The World Justice Project works to lead a global, multidisciplinary effort to strengthen the Rule of Law for the development of communities of opportunity and equity. On this Wikipedia the language links are at the top of the page across from the article title. As a result, we missed the multiple Nobel Prize . Baker was the Republican co-chair along with Democratic Representative Lee H. Hamilton, to advise Congress on Iraq. His father was a partner of Houston law firm Baker Botts. A family member found her, and it took two adults to dislodge her, authorities said. Updates? Secretary of State James Baker warned publicly, I will recommend to the President that the United States make no further contributions, voluntary or assessed, to any international organization which makes any changes in the PLO's status as an observer organization.". Reagan appointed Baker as his White House Chief of Staff, and Baker remained in that position until 1985, when he became the Secretary of the Treasury. Vise, David A.. "Former Secretary of State Baker Joins Carlyle Group". Durham's indictment alleges that Sussmann told then-FBI General Counsel James Baker in September 2016 that he was not doing work "for any client" when he requested and held a meeting in which he . They have one child. The couple met while on in Bermuda for spring break. Bush at St. Martin's Episcopal Church,. Its ironic that James Bakers criticism of settlements, and his confrontations with Shamir and Netanyahu, led to accusations of hostility toward Jews, when in reality its evangelicals who have moved the Republican Party away from his positions on the Israeli-Palestinian conflict. It was a political comment, Baker said, not an anti-Semitic comment, not a slur.. Though Bush lost to Lloyd Bentsen in the election, Baker continued in politics, becoming the Finance Chairman of the Republican Party in 1971. After Bush accepted the vice presidential slot on a ticket headed by Ronald Reagan that year, Baker joined Reagans campaign staff as a senior adviser. Baker was a member of the United States Marine Corps from 1952 to 1954, attaining the rank of first lieutenant as a naval gunfire officer serving in the Mediterranean Sea aboard the USSMonrovia. Diplomacy Center Commemorates Sec. (1957) from The University of Texas at Austin and began to practice law in Texas. They claimed that Baker, a former Democrat and a Bush political intimate, was undermining conservative initiatives in the administration. However, another G. H. W. Bush Administration veteran, Robert Gates, was appointed instead, and only after the 2006 elections. They didnt vote for us., The word Jews didnt actually appear in the quote, but an editor at the Post inserted it in parentheses, presumably to help the readers understand who Baker was supposedly referring to. She and Baker welcomed their daughter Mary Bonner Baker, born in 1977. Since March 2006, Baker and former U.S. George Kennan, James Baker, Senator Edward Kennedy, Senator Sam Nunn, and Thomas Friedman, among others, all warned in the 1990s of a new Cold War if NATO was expanded without including Russia. Bakers grandson, was born in 1930 to the wealthy Baker family and attended Princeton University. No replacement has yet been named. The World Justice Project works to lead a global, multidisciplinary effort to strengthen the Rule of Law for the development of communities of opportunity and equity. In this August 11, 1990 file photo, President George H. W. Bush is pictured with his advisers on the Middle East crisis, including Secretary of State James Baker III, right. He served as the nation's 61st secretary of state from January 1989 through August 1992 under President George H.W. [22] Doubleday; 720 pages; $35. Bush Changed the Face of the Middle East. Around 1983 Baker became heavily dispirited and tired due to the weight of his job; he attempted to become National Security Advisor, a change to which Reagan initially agreed, but some of Reagan's other advisers dissuaded him from naming Baker to the position. Andrew Baker, a chaplain during the Rev. President George H. W. Bush appointed Baker Secretary of State in 1989. (Read James Bakers Britannica essay on isolationism.). He was the third in a succession of men named James Addison Baker, all of whom were attorneys for Baker Botts or its antecedents. by Peter Dreier. [52], Baker began service on the Rice University board of trustees in 1993.[53]. They have six sons and two daughters, and 18 . [44] The Iraq Study Group examined a number of ideas, including one that would create a new power-sharing arrangement in Iraq that would give more autonomy to regional factions. President George H.W. Adventures and Lessons from an Unexpected Public Life by III, James Baker and a great selection of related books, art and collectibles available now at AbeBooks.com. BEST BOOK OF THE YEAR: The New York Times The Washington Post Fortune BloombergFrom two of America's most revered political journalists comes the definitive biography of legendary White House chief of staff and secretary of state James A. Baker III: the man who ran Washington when Washington ran the world.For a quarter-century, from the end of Watergate to the aftermath of the Cold . He was a fifth generation. I know he didnt mean it that way, Kemp said. He recalled that the discussion was indeed focused on the votes of the Jewish community, but that Baker didnt use the F word. James A. Baker. Through the internships on campus and beyond, Rice students can explore careers in public policy, or simply become better informed about important issues of the day. Let us know if you have suggestions to improve this article (requires login). Rising from a comfortable beginning, James A. Baker, III took his Stop settlement activity. In 1973 and 1974, Baker returned to full time practice of law at Andrews & Kurth. They claimed that Baker, a former Democrat and a Bush political intimate, was undermining conservative initiatives in the administration. In addition to the numerous recognitions received by Baker, he was presented with the prestigious Woodrow Wilson Award for public service on September 13, 2000, in Washington, D.C. James Baker III looking through the Iraq Study Group report before delivering it to the Senate Armed Services Committee in Washington, December 7, 2006. Mary Stuart Baker (Mary Stuart was her full first name) died of breast cancer in February 1970. Baker has a sister, Bonner Baker Moffitt. Baker met his first wife, the former Mary Stuart McHenry, of Dayton, Ohio, while on spring break in Bermuda with the Princeton University rugby team. Long active in American presidential politics, Baker led presidential campaigns for Presidents Ford, Reagan and Bush over the course of five consecutive presidential elections from 1976 to 1992. In the Trump-led Republican Party of 2020, that position is shared by very few. Baker adroitly managed George H.W. "Profiles: The Tactician". Baker III and the late Bush enjoyed a close 60-year friendship forged on the tennis courts. Baker was interviewed during the making of the film, and British actor Tom Wilkinson portrayed him in it. This article was most recently revised and updated by, https://www.britannica.com/biography/James-Baker, U.S. Department of State - Office of the Historian - Biography of James Addison III Baker, Miller Center - Biography of James A. Baker, James Addison Baker - Student Encyclopedia (Ages 11 and up), Iraq Study Group before U.S. Senate Armed Services Committee. During the Reagan administration, Baker also served on the Economic Policy Council, where he played an instrumental role in achieving the passage of the administration's tax and budget reform package in 1981. In May 1990, Soviet Union's reformist leader Mikhail Gorbachev visited the U.S. for talks with President Bush; there, he agreed to allow a reunified Germany to be a part of NATO. Read more at Rice University's Baker Institute for Public Policy. Baker is the son of former Secretary of State, James Baker. James West Baker (Jimmy), of Olive Branch, Mississippi, was born in Benton County, Mississippi, on April 7, 1939. Work Hard, Study.and Keep Out of Politics! [39] When the U.S. occupation of Iraq began in 2003 he was one of the Bush administration's first choices to direct the Coalition Provisional Authority, but he was deemed too old. They have six sons and two daughters. When Bush was elected, he only received 29% of Jewish voters' support, and his reelection was thought to be imminent, so there was little pressure on the administration to make bold moves in diplomatic relations with Israel. The conference is covered extensively in the book, ending with a quote by James Baker telling his close aides he would like to move even further on the peace process after helping Bush win reelection. [23], Baker also spent considerable time negotiating one-on-one with the parties in order to organize the Madrid Conference of October 30-November 1, 1991, in an attempt to revive the IsraeliPalestinian peace process through negotiations involving Israel and the Palestinians, as well as Arab countries, including Jordan, Lebanon, and Syria.[24]. "G.O.P. The Man Who Ran Washington: The Life and Times of James A. Baker III was published Tuesday after a seven-year journey, during which the authors New York Times chief White House correspondent Peter Baker (no relation to James Baker) and New Yorker senior columnist Susan Glasser conducted more than 200 interviews. He graduated from Princeton University in 1952. In 1978, Baker ran unsuccessfully to become Attorney General of Texas, losing to future Governor Mark White. En effet, avec 200 milliards de dollars de dettes. The 7-year-old granddaughter of former secretary of state James A. Baker III died when she became trapped in a whirlpool and drowned in McLean, Fairfax County police said yesterday. He served until May 1976, ran Ford's 1976 presidential campaign, and unsuccessfully sought election as the Attorney General of Texas. James A. Baker III. Amy Lubas, a police spokeswoman, said the whirlpool had been checked recently. Reached at their McLean home yesterday, the Baker family declined to comment. Baker also led presidential campaigns for Presidents Gerald Ford, Reagan and Bush over the course of five consecutive presidential elections . [42] Bush would appoint another G. H. W. Bush Administration veteran, Robert Gates, instead, after the 2006 midterm elections. Born in Houston, Baker attended The Hill School and Princeton University before serving in the United States Marine Corps. Also in 1993, the Enron Corporation hired Baker as a consultant within a month of his departure from the White House, and Enron said that Baker would have an opportunity to invest in any projects he developed. In 2005, he was co-chair, with former President Jimmy Carter, of the Federal Commission on Election Reform. Two weeks later still more settlements were announced, the authors write. At one level it narrowly focuses both on verbal commitments made by the US secretary of state James Baker under President George HW Bush and the terms of a treaty signed on 12 September 1990 . His father was a partner of Houston law firm Baker Botts. with honors in 1957 and practiced law with the Houston firm of Andrews and Kurth from 1957 to 1975. James Addison Baker III[note 1] (born April 28, 1930)[1] is an American attorney, diplomat and statesman. Baker managed Reagan's 1984 re-election campaign in which Reagan polled a record 525 electoral votes total (of 538 possible), and received 58.8 percent of the popular vote to Walter Mondale's 40.6 percent. Bushs secretary of state, is mentioned more than 150 times in the book. "Mother of Secretary of State Baker dies here at 96". Baker attended The Hill School, a boarding school in Pottstown, Pennsylvania. [40] In December 2003, President George W. Bush appointed Baker as his special envoy to ask various foreign creditor nations to forgive or restructure $100billion in international debts owed by the Iraq government which had been incurred during the tenure of Saddam Hussein. The event, sponsored by the James Baker . Vetter. [26], More tensions rose in the Palestinian-Israeli conflict with a massive influx of Jewish people from the Soviet Union moved to Israel. Baker's first wife, the former Mary Stuart McHenry, was active in the Republican Party, working on the Congressional campaigns of George H. W. Bush. For a quarter century, every Republican president relied on Baker to manage his campaign, his White House, his world. The administration forced Israel to halt the development of the 6,000 planned housing units, but the 11,000 housing units already under construction were permitted to be completed and inhabited with no penalty. James Baker Oral History at Houston Oral History Project, November 20, 2007. According to the new biography, its far from certain those words were actually ever used by Baker. Bush. Koch wrote that during a recent White House meeting Baker had responded to criticism of his tough approach to Israel by saying, Fuck em. James Baker est n le 28 avril 1930 Houston, au Texas. Baker was elected a Fellow of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences in 2008.[43]. George Herbert Walker Bush then encouraged Baker to become active in politics to help deal with the grief of his wife's death, something that George Herbert Walker Bush himself had done when his daughter, Pauline Robinson Bush (19491953), died of leukemia. On October 9, 2006, the Washington Post quoted co-chairman Baker as saying "our commission believes that there are alternatives between the stated alternatives, the ones that are out there in the political debate, of 'stay the course' and 'cut and run'". Gerald Ford in 1975, and that same year he helped Ford secure the Republican Partys presidential nomination for the 1976 election. Baker was furious, and his immediate reaction was to tell close aides hed be kicking the Israeli ambassador out of Washington. James Baker III was born on April 28, 1930 in Houston, Texas, USA. [15], In 1985, Reagan named Baker as United States Secretary of the Treasury, in a job-swap with then-Secretary Donald Regan, a former Merrill Lynch officer who became chief of staff. "The FBI's top lawyer, James Baker, is being reassigned one of the first moves by new director Christopher A. Wray to assemble his own team of senior advisers as he tries to fend off.