Associated with the noun following it, pointing out to a feature which is essential to the object they describe; Unassimilated with the noun, epithets that add a feature which is unexpected and which strike the reader. If unrecognized, they are translated interpreting the meaning of the single words to the letter, with doubtful outcome. Why does Ackley annoy Holden? Stradlater had said the composition was supposed to be a simple description of a room, a house, or something similarly straightforward. The purpose of metaphor is to liven up the text, make it more colorful, dramatic and witty - that is, metaphor carries out an emotive function. This is not possible. Indeed, the cynicism that Holden uses to avoid expressing his feelings may result from Allies death. I'm standing on the edge of some crazy cliff. This quote shows that Holden wants to protect kids. Holden pictured an idyllic world of childhood innocence from which children would fall into a dangerous world; Mr. Antolini describes Holden in an apathetic free fallgiving up, disengaging him from the world, falling in a void removed from life around him. The author used a lot of stylistic devices of these kinds in order to capture readers attention to the smallest elements used by the writer for pointing out those elements that could not be used without those peculiarities of Modernists writers. But Holden's interaction with Mr. Antolini is the event that precipitates his full-blown breakdown. They argued that Salinger's concerns represented an entire generation of American youth, frustrated by the phoniness of the world, just like Holden was. This is characterized by different functioning of a word in language, different in usage and combinability, but even the primary meaning of an English word maybe wider of the corresponding one in Russian. So it can be consider that J. D. Salinger has a rich literary base and he becomes a kind of teacher for several big writers. 2009, https://www.enotes.com/homework-help/when-holden-writes-composition-for-stradlater-in-73535. Idiom more than any other feature of language demands that the translator be not only accurate but highly sensitive to the rhetorical nuances of the language. The difference is that the attempt is not to settle whether or not some claim is true, it is to show why it is true. As Phoebe points out, Holden has misheard the lyric. New York: Harper & Row, 1989. http://www.bellmore-merrick.k12.ny.us/catcher.html; http://www.sparknotes.com/lit/catcher/facts.html. Salinger uses religion in his works to comfort them so that they can proceed on their quest to achieve happiness. [14] Idiom generally have three characteristics: Translation is an exacting art. How do you know? In short, must take into account all the above mentioned elements while translating the text. The Romanian version tends to add words or phrases to the TT. about, []. It doesnt include every instance when the hearer or reader has to supply missing information, but only those cases where grammatical structure itself points to an item or items that can fill the slot in question. Holden dated her until her father made them stop seeing each other. He travels to New York at Christmastime to make a genuine human connection with another person.. A criminal profiler may offer an explanation of a suspect's behavior (e.g. Much of Salinger's reputation, which he acquired after publication of The Catcher in the Rye, is derived from thoughtful and sympathetic insights into both adolescence and adulthood, his use of symbolism, and his idiomatic style, which helped to re-introduce the common idiom to American literature. places where he either grew up or which he knew; his use of well-established symbols throughout his fiction; his unique approach of religious themes and his use of Zen philosophy; his attachment to and protection for his characters. In addition it can be concluded that the given paper may serve as didactic material for those students and teachers who are interested in the process of tranlation and in the identification of the translation difficulties in a conten from source language into target language and in the work with the lexical peccularities, also this research paper may be used durin the courses tied with translation. Enjoy eNotes ad-free and cancel anytime. Holden believes childhood is very. Holden is scared of growing up, and also scared of the unknown. Peculiar use of set expressions (clichs, proverbs. The real thing, with the curtain of language somehow made transparent. In both cases, we sense that although Holden envisions himself as the protector rather than the one to be protected, he is the one who really needs to be caught. It will be enough to recollect the difficulties that the translator faced with translating wonderful works of outstanding American writer J.D.Salinger. I need at least one quote for support. I sort of closed one eye, like I was taking aim at it. Salinger uses symbols to show the turning point of the characters lives. Holden himself realizes this to a degree when he acknowledges that his idea is crazy, yet he cannot come up with anything more pragmatic; he has trouble seeing the world in any other way. Holden tells us the symbolic meaning of the museum's displays: they appeal to him because they are frozen and unchanging. These elements, in English are: personals, demonstratives, and comparatives. What did Holden write Stradlater's composition about *? Salinger later explains that Holden will become free as these ducks. Another very important conclusion reached is that translations and retranslations are countrys literary system. Holden is angry at his family for coping with Allie's death, he is angry at the world for continuing when his little brother died. However, if Fred and Joe agree on the fact that the cat has fleas, they may further question why this is so and put forth an explanation: "The reason the cat has fleas is that the weather has been damp." (Chapter 7, pg. Does Holden have sex with Sunny, the prostitute? It is very frequent when grammatical and lexical transformations demand supplementation or omission of some words or elements. In the conclusion can be sad that the Romanian version achieved its aim; that of creating a contemporary and updated translation, especially in terms of language and language use. We must think that the authors language was revolutionary, new and controversial at the time his first stories were published. Holden tears the composition up and throws it away angrily. Then I got the hell out. New York Times Book Review 15 July 1951, 5. harmony in order to life, The Importance of Stradlaters Composition in the Catcher in the Rye. In recent years, Salinger's later work has been defended by some critics; in 2001, Janet Malcolm wrote in The New York Review of Books that "Zooey" "is arguably Salinger's masterpiece. Rereading it and its companion piece "Franny" is no less rewarding than rereading The Great Gatsby". Killing time before his date with Sally, Holden decides to walk from Central Park to the Museum of Natural History. Holden has issues with sex and manhood, and both are issues when he learns that Stradlater and Jane are going on a date. For most of the book, he sounds like a grumpy old man who is angry at the world, but his search for the ducks represents the curiosity of youth and a joyful willingness to encounter the mysteries of the world. The Catcher In the Rye are both among the most important novels of the twentieth century. Holden's decision to write about a baseball glove, a subject Stradlater considers unacceptable, leads to their fight, which is one of the factors leading to all the subsequent events in the novel: "All of a sudden, I decided what I'd really do, I'd get the hell out of Pencey--right that same night and all. Why is Holden obsessed with the ducks at the Central Park Lagoon? Statements which are justifications of some action take the form of arguments. Latest answer posted March 19, 2020 at 11:46:52 PM. Because of this fact, a translation based on a one-to-one substitution of words is seldom acceptable. Like hell it is. I took it off and looked at it. . Holden introduced her to Stradlater, because he didn't want to date her himself. No game.. Their meaning cannot be deduced from their components or any arrangement thereof, and must be learned as a whole. . The third problem is the use of bilingual dictionaries. true and false friends, calques, and other forms of interference; institutional and standardized terms, neologisms, aphorisms, etc. of The Catcher in the Rye by J.D. It may have various kinds of lexical meanings (lexical-semantic) variants; it may widen or narrow its meaning and make it more abstract and concrete. It was the first time an author, dared to tell it how it really is and tried to open America's eyes to understand the thoughts of a typical adolescent teenager. A list of personal pronoun is provided here: In Romanian variant of the The Catcher in the Rye by J. D. Salinger is presented the tendency to omit the subject pronouns or to use their presupposed noun, because the verb carries an enclitic subject. False friends (or faux amis) are pairs of words in two languages or dialects (or letters in two alphabets) that look or sound similar, but differ in meaning. Not only poets and writers, but also journalists frequently create unexpected word combination that makes their statements significantly vivid and original. The more Holden focuses on his dead brother, the more alone he feels.He does not connect with the people around him, but dwells on people who are memories, like Allie and Jane Gallagher. In this graduation paper there are given such methods of investigation: The goal of this paper is to discover the lexical peculiarities and difficulties in translation from English into Romanian. In 1951 Salinger released his novel, The Catcher in the Rye, an immediate popular success. I live in New York, and I was thinking about the lagoon in Central Park, down near Central Park South. Jerome David "J. D." Salinger is an American author, best known for his 1951 novel The Catcher in the Rye, as well as his reclusive nature. I personally thought the red hunting hat, The Museum of Natural History, and The Ducks in the Central Park Lagoon were the most significant and came up regularly in the novel. Stuff (cloth), a type of cloth or fabric used to fill pillows and other items, Stuffing, a substance which is often placed in cavities of food items, Stuffed or preserved animals, created through the art of taxidermy. One of the most important translation difficulties is grammatical translation difficulties which is the hardest one in the identification and in the same time which change the structure and the meaning of the words from the source text into target text. 3, 16 July 1951, 20-1. And sometimes some mistakes (losses), as well as some gains, are more visible by comparing two or more translations of the same ST. Ionescus translation may have been considered too far-fetched and direct, but this can be explained as the translators desire to make the main character more authentic and closer to the typical Romanian teenager. We are lucky to present you. He asked him to write him a descriptive essay. False cognates, by contrast, are similar words in different languages that appear to have a common historical linguistic origin (whatever their current meaning) but actually do not. In the same way that the surgeon, operating on the heart, cannot neglect the body that surrounds it, so the translator treats the text in isolation from the culture at his peril. In fact, Holdens reactions to his adventure are more significant than the adventure itself. The obstacle for the translator consists in recognizing phraseologisms. He has not published an original work since 1965 and has not been interviewed since 1980. Reserved epithets composed of two nouns linked by an of phrase. Salinger's portrayal of Holden, which includes incidents of depression, nervous breakdown, impulsive spending, sexual exploration, vulgarity, and other erratic behavior, have all attributed to the controversial nature of the novel. One of those little English jobs that can do around two hundred miles an hour. D Salinger. The examples for this type of translation difficulties could be seen from the first page of the novel where the author uses all the meanings of the word hell such as: This word is one of the first words that is used with a lot of meanings and that is one of the type of translation difficulties in The Catcher in the Rye. The author used the next kind of epithets grand people (J. D. Salinger: 8) which is a simple epithet because is used by an adjective and a noun. The only instances that create problems for the translator are the stable, recurrent lexical idioms that for their metaphorical meaning do not rely only on the readers logic at the moment of reading but also, and above all, on the value that such a metaphor has assumed in the history of the language under discussion. In. The Romanian version always uses euphemisms and euphemistic formulations when translating SL colloquial expressions (mainly explained by the social, political and cultural constraints from the period of its publication), while the second version uses (almost all the time) the same informal, at times vulgar, linguistic register as the ST, managing at the same time to capture the nuances and subtleties of the original. The first chapter deals with J. D. Salingers place in world literature, the most important influences on his writing style, the cultural and historical background behind his literary works and how they influenced and were reflected in his literary creations. "Rather than writing a description of a room or a house, Holden writes a description of his younger brother Allies baseball glove. The practical chapter will single out examples of translation difficulties from the sourse language English and target language Romanian. With our Essay Lab, you can create a customized outline within seconds to get started on your essay right away. Holden tears up the composition because Stradlater dislikes the poem and which infuriates him. Supplementations of parts of speech are characterized by several factors: difference in structures of the sentences and that short English sentences demand spread translation in the Romanian language. Did you know that we have over 70,000 essays on 3,000 topics in our Written translation as well as oral one presents itself a complex and manifold process. It also helps to improve ones understanding of the principal rules of translation which plays leading role while processing translation. Stuff is a collection of junk or a group of items or matter. J. D. Salinger needed to persuade the reader that Holden was capable of writing an entire "autobiographical" book, even though he was a poor student and was actually getting kicked out of school because of his bad grades. Drugs, used so as to be inconspicuous, but euphemistic. Save time and let our verified experts help you. An idiom in the source language may have a very close counter part in the target language which looks similar on the surface but has a totally or partially different meaning. She was the daughter of his mother's best friend. Holden insults him some more, and Stradlater finally leaves the room. PhDessay is an educational resource where over 1,000,000 free essays are (Chapter 12, pg. The ducks represented how he would feel, being happy. As the book progresses, however, we learn that Holden has built cynical psychological armour around himself to protect himself from the complexities of the world. What does Holden write Stradlater's composition about why is the object he writes about important to him what eventually happens to the essay Why? Lexical peculiarities are the most important features of lexico-stylistic analyses and these features are very important for the reader in order easily to understand the whole content of the work. The word kid is one of the numerous words which is used in the context with all his meanings such as Ackley kid? American Literature books summary. Both the conversation and Mr. Antolini's head-rubbing serve a similar purpose: they upset Holden's view of the way things are or the way he believes they ought to be. He stands up for Harley and Maddi and against protagonists like Nathan throughout the novel. Slang should be distinguished from jargon, which is the technical vocabulary of a particular profession. One of the fist stylistic devices that were used by the author in his novel The Cather in the Ray is characters speech. After he finishes the composition for Stradlater, he stares out the window and listens to Ackley snore in the next room. Holden is a 16-year-old boy who is struggling with the aftermath of his younger brother's death. To accomplish this matter we are going to focus our attention on several points that are important elements of the lexical peculiarities and translation difficulties and that reflect in an accurate way the main meanig of the writing and more specifically. He died on July 18, 1946 in Maine. Unless the target-language idiom corresponds to the source-language idiom both in form and in meaning, the play on idiom cannot be successfully reproduced in the target text. In New Zealand there was a book called Pounamu Pounamu by Witi Ihimaera. It is not important to classify the device itself but the point is to be able to realize their ongoing effect and to identify the purpose of their application in the translation they are working on. When Holden finally snaps and attacks his roommate, Stradlater easily overpowers him, and when he tries to seek refuge in Ackleys room, Ackley is so unpleasant that Holden cannot relax. In the book The Catcher in the Rye, in chapter 20, why does Holden do his "bullet in the guts" number again? Holden is dealing with the loss of his brother, the fact that he his still a child on his way to adulthood and some serious emotions. It could even state that Holdens personality is more important than the story he is going to tell us. Holden clearly still feels Allies loss strongly. False friends - are an umbrella term where some similarity between two words in a language pair dealt with look or sound sufficiently alike to sometimes make translators render the source word by a target word that is semantically wrong in that context. Latest answer posted March 19, 2020 at 11:46:52 PM. So it can be concluded that Salinger tries to explain what these three elements can do for search the true happiness. Already a member? In fact his main goal is to resist maturing. The theme of the painfulness of growing up is very important in the book. Renews March 10, 2023 What Stradlater did not expect was that Holden would write about his late brother's baseball glove. It wouldnt come off. Of all the places in the novel where Holden discusses his hat, the most famous and recognizable symbol in the book, this is probably the most enlightening. Allie is a special person to Holden because of his intelligence and kindness, When Holden accepted the favor of writing Stradlater's composition, Holden has also accepted an obstacle in his time during his stay in Pencey Prep. Along the way, he remembers in detail his school trips to the museum. The Oxford Advanced Learners Dictionary, Sixth Edition, Oxford University Press 2007; http://dictionary.oed.com/cgi/entry/50034626?single=1&query_type=word&queryword=catharsis&first=1&max_to_show=10. Lotman describes literature and art in general as a secondary modelling systems, as an indication of the fact that they are derived from the primary modelling system of language, and declares as firmly as Sapir or Whorf that `No language can exist unless it is stepped in the context of culture; and no culture can exist which does not have at its centre, the structure of natural language.' The characters can only become happy if they isolate themselves from this society. The whole arrangements designed for men who, at some time or other in their lives, were looking for something their own environment couldn't supply them with. It is characteristic to English language the availability of words with wide spread meaning. There are several tests for polysemy, but one of them is zeugma: if one word seems to exhibit zeugma when applied in different contexts, it is likely that the contexts bring out different polysemes of the same word. The conclusion is that there have been some similarities between Salingers private life and some of the events in his works, but not enough to entitle anyone to think that his fiction is autobiographical. For example: it was made a calques translation from miles an hour ; the places mentioned in the source text (Hollywood and New York) stay in the target text, although New York is translated into New York, which is the generally accepted Romanian translation (recognized translation). Holden watches from the hill because he doesn't want to go down and see the students. his brevity, conciseness and concentration of style; his attentiveness to details and to exact dates and facts; his constant reference to parts of the human body; his leitmotif of the letter or note; his constant way of picturing certain female characters painting their nails or toenail or the recurrent motif of a man holding a childs feet; his constant references to colors and the symbolism within colors; his penchant for coining new words or changing different parts of speech into others; his inclination of dealing with psychological problems in his fiction; his tendency to use the pattern of sequencesequence in his characters namesin his themes, etc. Our search for who we are is fuelled by our innate desire to achieve a sense of acceptance and belonging. Contact us This straightforward, simple read is nonetheless used in many schools today for its rich content of symbols and truthfulness. Not with poetry, and not even with prose, where the difficulty is generally assumed to be less. Such situations made the translators task and work tremendously difficult because they had to find ways of compensating the loss caused by the inability of recreating a similar effect in the TT because Romanian has a system in which words are written the same way they are read as opposed to English which has a different system.